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Revelations of blindness in the Middle Ages

Medieval texts, from Islamic medical treatises to Christian books of miracles, reveal surprisingly varied and complex experiences of blindness. But when medieval scholar Jude Seal experienced visual impairment themselves, they gained an even deeper understanding of the lives they were studying.

  • Article

The unearthly children of science fiction’s Cold War

In the 1950s a new figure emerged in British novels, film and television: a disturbing young alien that revealed postwar society’s fear of the unruly power of teenagers.

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  • Pupil of an eye occluded by lymph
  • 3D view on vessels of a healthy minipig eye. The upper opening corresponds to the pupil as the gateway input of all light into the eye. It is interesting to see the marked abundance of vessels of the pupil which bring energy and food to the muscles to control the amount of incident light. The other large vessels are feeder vessels for the outer layers of the retina and muscles, so, that the eye quickly can perceive the environment and the creature may adapt and survive.
  • Lectures on operative surgery of the eye: or, an historical and critical inquiry into the methods recommended for the cure of the cataract, for the formation of an artificial pupil, &c. Containing a new method of operating for cataract by extraction / By G. J. Guthrie.
  • Lectures on the operative surgery of the eye : or, an historical and critical inquiry into the methods recommended for the cure of cataract, for the formation of an artificial pupil, &c. &c. &c. Containing a new method of operating for cataract by extraction. Being the substance of that part of the author's course of lectures on the principles and practice of surgery which relates to the operations on that organ / By G. J. Guthrie.
  • Lectures on the operative surgery of the eye : or, an historical and critical inquiry into the methods recommended for the cure of cataract, for the formation of an artificial pupil, &c. &c. &c. Containing a new method of operating for cataract by extraction. Being the substance of that part of the author's course of lectures on the principles and practice of surgery which relates to the operations on that organ / By G. J. Guthrie.
  • Lectures on the operative surgery of the eye : or, an historical and critical inquiry into the methods recommended for the cure of cataract, for the formation of an artificial pupil, &c. &c. &c. Containing a new method of operating for cataract by extraction. Being the substance of that part of the author's course of lectures on the principles and practice of surgery which relates to the operations on that organ / By G. J. Guthrie.
  • Lectures on the operative surgery of the eye : or, an historical and critical inquiry into the methods recommended for the cure of cataract, for the formation of an artificial pupil, &c. &c. &c. Containing a new method of operating for cataract by extraction. Being the substance of that part of the author's course of lectures on the principles and practice of surgery which relates to the operations on that organ / By G. J. Guthrie.
  • Calendula officinalis L. Asteraceae. Pot marigold, common marigold, ruds or ruddles. Calendula, because it was said to flower most commonly at the first of each month - the 'calends' (Coles, 1657). officinalis indicates that it was used in the 'offices' - the clinics - of the monks in medieval times. Annual herb. Distribution: Southern Europe. The Doctrine of Signatures, indicated that as the flowers resembled the pupil of the eye (along with Arnica, Inula and the ox-eye daisy), it was good for eye disorders (Porta, 1588). Coles (1658) writes '... the distilled water ... helpeth red and watery eyes, being washed therewith, which it does by Signature, as Crollius saith'. Culpeper writes: [recommending the leaves] '... loosen the belly, the juice held in the mouth helps the toothache and takes away any inflammation, or hot swelling being bathed with it mixed with a little vinegar.' The petals are used as a saffron substitute - ‘formerly much employed as a carminative
  • A pair of red eyes with crosses over them and purple pupils (?). Watercolour by M. Bishop, 1968.
  • A pair of red eyes with crosses over them and purple pupils (?). Watercolour by M. Bishop, 1968.
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